This document sets out key factors that CORE Africa considers important determinants of research capacity. The concepts outlined in this report were developed from information generated through the analysis of the wider literature, policy documents and empirical studies. Panel discussions were also held with the CORE Africa project team and other researcher professionals, on how to incorporate current knowledge and best practices into research capacity strengthening (RCS) initiatives in Africa. The outcomes of these were key factors and population groups that can potentially influence research capacity in Africa.